Matius 10:17-18

10:17 Beware ¹  of people, because they will hand you over to councils ²  and flog ³  you in their synagogues. ⁴  10:18 And you will be brought before governors and kings ⁵  because of me, as a witness to them and the Gentiles.

Matius 23:34-37

23:34 “For this reason I ⁶  am sending you prophets and wise men and experts in the law, ⁷  some of whom you will kill and crucify, ⁸  and some you will flog ⁹  in your synagogues ¹⁰  and pursue from town to town, 23:35 so that on you will come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, ¹¹  whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 23:36 I tell you the truth, ¹²  this generation will be held responsible for all these things! ¹³ 

Judgment on Israel

23:37 “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, ¹⁴  you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you! ¹⁵  How often I have longed ¹⁶  to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but ¹⁷  you would have none of it! ¹⁸ 

Matius 24:9-10

Persecution of Disciples

24:9 “Then they will hand you over to be persecuted and will kill you. You will be hated by all the nations ¹⁹  because of my name. ²⁰  24:10 Then many will be led into sin, ²¹  and they will betray one another and hate one another.

[10:17]  ¹ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[10:17]  ² sn Councils in this context refers to local judicial bodies attached to the Jewish synagogue. This group would be responsible for meting out justice and discipline within the Jewish community.

[10:17]  ³ tn BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “of flogging as a punishment decreed by the synagogue (Dt 25:2f; s. the Mishna Tractate Sanhedrin-Makkoth, edited w. notes by SKrauss ’33) w. acc. of pers. Mt 10:17; 23:34.”

[10:17]  ⁴ sn See the note on synagogues in 4:23.

[10:18]  ⁵ sn These statements look at persecution both from a Jewish context as the mention of courts and synagogues suggests, and from a Gentile one as the reference to governors and kings suggests. Some fulfillment of Jewish persecution can be seen in Acts.

[23:34]  ⁶ tn Grk “behold I am sending.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).

[23:34]  ⁷ tn Or “scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.

[23:34]  ⁸ sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.

[23:34]  ⁹ tn BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “of flogging as a punishment decreed by the synagogue (Dt 25:2f; s. the Mishna Tractate Sanhedrin-Makkoth, edited w. notes by SKrauss ’33) w. acc. of pers. Mt 10:17; 23:34.”

[23:34]  ¹⁰ sn See the note on synagogues in 4:23.

[23:35]  ¹¹ sn Spelling of this name (Βαραχίου, Baraciou) varies among the English versions: “Barachiah” (RSV, NRSV); “Berechiah” (NASB); “Berachiah” (NIV).

[23:36]  ¹² tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

[23:36]  ¹³ tn Grk “all these things will come on this generation.”

[23:37]  ¹⁴ sn The double use of the city’s name betrays intense emotion.

[23:37]  map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[23:37]  ¹⁵ tn Although the opening address (“Jerusalem, Jerusalem”) is direct (second person), the remainder of this sentence in the Greek text is third person (“who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her”). The following sentences then revert to second person (“your… you”), so to keep all this consistent in English, the third person pronouns in the present verse were translated as second person (“you who kill… sent to you”).

[23:37]  ¹⁶ sn How often I have longed to gather your children. Jesus, like a lamenting prophet, speaks for God here, who longed to care tenderly for Israel and protect her.

[23:37]  ¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[23:37]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “you were not willing.”

[24:9]  ¹⁹ tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “nations” or “Gentiles”).

[24:9]  ²⁰ sn See Matt 5:10-12; 1 Cor 1:25-31.

[24:10]  ²¹ tn Or “many will fall away.” This could also refer to apostasy.